The Italian Society of Pharmacology (SIF) is a non-profit scientific association aimed at promoting basic, applied, and clinical pharmacology research. The Working Groups in Pediatric Pharmacology and Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs, operating within the SIF, bring together various biomedical and pharmacological skills of pre-clinical and clinical research in pediatrics and rare diseases, contributing to overcome critical issue across efficacy, safety, access and sustainability of pharmacotherapies in these areas.